Find out the list of types of whiteleg shrimp disease and start to figure them out by recognizing the symptoms.
Whiteleg shrimp farming develops intensively for higher and more successful production. As the technology for shrimp farming upgrades continuously, various diseases appear. Those diseases can lead to a decrease in the shrimp growth and production level and loss of crop. Before you experience the crop loss, recognize these types of whiteleg shrimp disease and their symptoms.
1. White Spot Disease
White spot disease is one of the types of whiteleg shrimp disease that often infect shrimps. The cause of white spot disease is the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), causing the shrimps’ mortality, deformations, and slow growth.
The virus is contagious and may spread the infection to other shrimps. You can check the symptoms by recognizing some signs, such as the visible white spots and pink to red discoloration on the shell and the unusual shrimps’ swimming patterns.
2. Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND)
The types of whiteleg shrimp disease depend on the area and the season. One of the shrimp diseases that you often find is acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease or well-known as AHPND.
AHPND often infects whiteleg shrimps and usually targets organs and gut-associated shrimp tissues. This disease is mainly caused by bacterial infection with strains of Vibrio parahaem-olyticus. The sudden mass mortalities of shrimps follow the symptoms of this disease within 30 to 35 days.
3. White Muscle Disease (WMD)
Another disease that whiteleg shrimp often suffer from is white muscle disease (WMD). This disease causes abnormal white muscle necrosis with muscle fiber disorders to the shrimps. The early symptom of whitish muscle occurs in the shrimp’s tail and slowly will cover up to the middle of the shrimp’s back. If you don’t take the precautions, the disease will spread rapidly and cause death in three to five days.
4. Taura Syndrome Disease (TSV)
Taura syndrome disease (TSV) becomes the contagious disease affecting the shrimp farming industry in the world. Caused by the P.vannamei virus, TSV may cause shrimp deformation and mortality. The symptoms of TSV are followed by unusual swimming behavior, lethargy, and anorexia.
5. White Gut Disease (WGD)
Another whiteleg shrimp disease, white gut disease (WGD), also leads to mass mortalities in shrimp culture ponds. The infection of Vibrio bacteria may happen because of many triggering factors, such as high water temperature, poor water quality, low water exchange, and low dissolved oxygen (DO). The infected shrimp usually indicates the stunted growth with a white streak forming the transparent cuticle.
6. Black Gill Disease (BGD)
Black gill disease or BGD causes the infection in shrimp gill. The infection caused by Fusarium species (fungi) will be dangerous as the fungi can block the respiration and lead to chronic mortality. The gill of infected shrimp will turn slowly to opaque white at an early stage and become black at the end.
In conclusion, you need to recognize the types of whiteleg shrimp disease and their symptoms. If you don’t take the precautions, they may influence the shrimp growth and production as well as become the cause of the mass of shrimp mortality.
Sources:
https://thefishsite.com/articles/prevention-of-white-feces-syndrome-white-gut-disease-and-white-muscle-disease-in-shrimp
https://www.alltech.com/blog/how-prevent-common-shrimp-diseases
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-07-02/white-spot-disease-is-it-safe-to-eat-infected-prawns/9890588
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283655004_Black_gill_disease_of_Pacific_white_leg_shrimp_Litopenaeus_vannamei_by_Aspergillus_flavus