Fish that are kept either in ponds or in aquariums must be healthy, because healthy fish can grow and develop well. The health status of fish kept in the cultivation medium is influenced by several factors, namely Genetics, Nutrition, Environment and Pathogens. These four factors influence each other and can be used as a strategy for managing fish health and the environment.
1. Genetics.
Avoid In-breeding Seeds. Seeds produced from In breeding results have several disadvantages, namely stunted fish growth, susceptible to pathogen infection. To avoid the occurrence of genetic decline due to the results of in breeding, the application of Good Fish Hatchery Methods and Good Fish Cultivation Methods needs to be carried out by fish farmers.
2. Nutrition.
Nutrition has an important influence on the health of the fish being raised. Good nutrition can be obtained from what type of fish feed is given. Fish feed that is given the right type, quantity, quality, time, and place will affect the level of health and resistance of the fish body to disease.
3. Environment.
The level of fish health can be influenced by the environment in which the fish are cultivated. The environment that affects the level of fish health can come from the environment from outside and the environment from within.
a. External environment.
The external environment that can affect the health level of fish can be managed by implementing good management. The implementation of Aquaculture Areas and coordination in the use of pesticides with other sectors are some of the efforts in maintaining fish health levels.
b. Internal environment.
The provision of reservoirs, sedimentation basins, filtration basins and recirculation basins in the fish farming environment is an effort to manage the improvement of the internal environment. This management can directly maintain the health level of fish.
4. Pathogens.
Biosecurity: Preventing the onset of disease in fish, monitoring, preventing and eliminating pathogens that exist in the aquaculture environment, including carrier biota.
In fish farming, the emergence of diseases and pests in fish can cause economic losses. These fish diseases and pests can result in longer rearing time, dwarfism, stunted fish growth, high feed conversion, low fish density and mortality. With the above conditions will result in a decrease in production.