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Competitiveness of Indonesian Arowana fish commodities

Arowana fish (Scleropages formosus) is a type of freshwater fish that lives in rivers and lakes with calm water. This arowana fish comes from Southeast Asia and is found in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and surrounding countries. 

source : depositphotos.com

Arowana fish originating from Indonesia is a type of arowana fish that has the best quality and this fish is in great demand by ornamental fish hobbyists. The Arowana Fish commodity from Indonesia is exported to various countries in the world. The five countries with the highest importing value in 2023 for this arowana fish product are China at US$ 9,159,000 Japan at US$ 492,000 Taipei at US$ 390,000 Vietnam at US$ 390,000 and Thailand at US$ 328,000 Data on arowana fish importing countries with HS codes 03011195 live arowanas (Scleropages formosus) other than fry can be seen from the table below.

List of importing markets for a product exported by Indonesia
Product: 03011195 live arowanas (scleropages formosus) other than fry
Unit: US Dollar thousand

Source : www.trademap.org

Then for data on countries in the world that import ornamental fish with HS code 030111 (Live ornamental freshwater fish) from Indonesia in 2023, the highest is occupied by China, which is US $ 10,778,000 with a volume of 202 tons, followed by Japan at US $ 3,195,000 with a volume of 82 tons, then the United States with a value of US $ 2,934,000 with a volume of 172 tons. For more details can be seen in the table below. 

List of importing markets for the products exported by Indonesia in 2023

Product: 030111 Live ornamental freshwater fish

Source : www.trademap.org

In relation to the competitiveness of fishery products for Indonesian Arowana ornamental fish (scleropages formosus), to find the value of competitiveness we can calculate the calculation of RCA and RSCA using the following formula:

RCA = Xij/Xit / Wj / Wt

Xij = Export value of commodity i from country j
Xit = Total export value from country j
Wj = World export value of commodity i
Wt = Total world export value

Products for ornamental fish Arowana (scleropages formosus) are declared competitive if RCA>1, and not competitive if RCA<1. Based on this, it can be understood that the RCA value starts from 0 to infinity. Realizing the limitations of the RCA, the Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) was developed, with the following formula:

RSCA = (RCA-1) / (RCA + 1) 

The RSCA concept makes changes in the assessment of competitiveness, where the RSCA value is limited between -1 and 1. Arowana fish products (Scleropages formosus) are said to have competitiveness if they have a value above zero, and are said to have no competitiveness if the value is below zero. 

In calculating the competitiveness of this Arowana fish (scleropages formosus), the author took data on the export value of Arowana fish in Indonesia in 2023, where the data was sourced from www.trademap.org. 

RCA calculation 

Xij : US $ 11,240,000
Xit : US $ 258,797,196,000
Wj : US $ 271,074,000
Wt : US $ 23,291,072,313,000

After the calculation, the RCA value is 3.73. The RCA value for arowana fish commodities (scleropages formosus) has an RCA value> 1, this shows that arowana fish has competitiveness in the global market. 

Then to find out what the RSCA value of arowana fish with HS code 03011195 live arowanas (scleropages formosus) other than fry can use the calculation with the formula above. After calculating, the RSCA value is 0.58. The RSCA value for this Arowana fish commodity is above zero, so it is concluded that the Arowana fish commodity (Scleropages formosus) has competitiveness.

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